1、Water soluble phosphate fertilizers for crops grown in calcareous soils

The current paradigm for phosphorus (P) fertilizers applied to calcareous soil is that almost entirely water soluble P fertilizers are efficient and sparingly soluble P fertilizers are not efficient P sources for crops.

2、Phosphate bacterial solubilization: A key rhizosphere driving force

Fertilizers such as TSP, DAP and MCP are water soluble P concentrated fertilizers, but their rapid reactivity with soil nutrients and clay particles significantly impact the fate of P in the soil as well as plant P uptake presumably will not synchronize with application of P fertilizers over time.

3、Effects of different water‐soluble phosphorus on the distribution and

This study explored the effects of different water-soluble P fertilizers on maize yield and economic benefits by comparing the relationships between soil P distribution and P absorption and utilization of maize in calcareous soil of Xinjiang province in China.

Organophosphate Fertilizers Based on Biochars and Phosphorus

The research aimed to evaluate the solubility and availability of P in soils treated with organophosphate fertilizers composed of biochar and triple superphosphate (TSP) under laboratory conditions.

Effects of water

We studied the distribution characteristics of different water-soluble P fertilizers in calcareous soil and the absorption and utilization of P by maize with fertigation. The field test of drip irrigation corn was carried out at the experimental station of Shihezi City, Xinjiang from 2018 to 2020.

Phosphorus fertilizer: from commodity to speciality — from fertilizing

Given the nonrenewable nature and low use efficiency of P, the development of speciality P-fertilizers and improved application methods are essential for reducing environmental P losses and increasing plant P uptake, thereby improving P use efficiency (PUE).

Soil Phosphorus Sources and Their Relative Water Solubility and

Studies comparing the water solubility with the source of P in soils in order to better understand the efect of P source on solubility and consequently the potential for P movement from the site of application are limited.

Water soluble phosphate fertilizers for crops grown in

Background and aimsThe current paradigm for phosphorus (P) fertilizers applied to calcareous soil is that almost entirely water soluble P fertilizers are efficient and sparingly soluble P fertilizers are not efficient P sources for crops.

Phosphorus Solubilization: Mechanisms, Recent Advancement and Future

To prevent using biofertilizers failure, an appropriate amount of used inoculants for different plant-soil conditions and different microbial interactions between applied PSMs and other soil inhabitants should be investigated before application.

Use of Phosphorus

Microorganisms with the ability to dissolve phosphorus have the potential to release this essential nutrient into the soil through natural solubilization processes, which allows for boosting plant growth and development.

There are two primary methods for applying phosphate fertilizers: water-soluble (diluted in water) and soil-buried. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on soil conditions, crop requirements, and fertilization goals.

I. Water-Soluble Application of Phosphate Fertilizers

1. Advantages

   • Rapid Absorption: Phosphate dissolved in water can be quickly absorbed by plant roots, improving fertilizer utilization efficiency.
   • Time-Saving: Eliminates the need to mix fertilizer directly into the soil, offering simplicity and convenience, especially in busy or labor-intensive scenarios.
   • Reduced Environmental Pollution Risk: Minimizes direct contact between phosphate and soil, lowering the risk of soil contamination.

2. Disadvantages

   • Slow Nutrient Release: Phosphorus has limited solubility in water, leading to slow release rates that may hinder rapid crop uptake.
   • Lower Utilization Efficiency: Due to poor water solubility, some phosphorus may remain unused by crops.
   • Risk of Root Burn: High concentrations of phosphate solution can irritate or damage roots.

II. Soil-Buried Application of Phosphate Fertilizers

1. Advantages

   • Faster Nutrient Release: Phosphorus releases more rapidly in soil, enabling timely crop absorption.
   • Higher Utilization Efficiency: Direct soil contact improves phosphorus uptake, reducing waste.
   • Environmental Safety: Burying phosphate avoids water contamination, lowering ecological risks.

2. Disadvantages

   • Labor-Intensive: Requires thorough mixing of fertilizer with soil, making the process more complex.
   • Soil-Dependent Efficacy: Soil type and environmental conditions significantly impact absorption and transformation, limiting effectiveness.
   • Higher Costs: Ensuring adequate soil-fertilizer contact often increases operational costs compared to water-soluble methods.

III. Selection Recommendations

1. Soil Type Considerations:

   • For sandy soils (low water retention), water-soluble application is preferable due to poor phosphorus solubility in such conditions.
   • For clay soils (high water retention), soil-buried application is better, as prolonged soil-fertilizer contact enhances absorption.

2. Crop Requirements:

   • For crops requiring rapid phosphorus uptake (e.g., rice), water-soluble application is ideal.
   • For crops needing sustained phosphorus release (e.g., soybeans), soil-buried application is more suitable.

3. Fertilization Goals:

   • To boost growth and yield, prioritize water-soluble application.
   • To improve soil structure and fertility, opt for soil-buried application.

IV. Practical Operation Guidelines

1. Dilute Phosphate Solutions: Mix phosphate fertilizers with water at recommended ratios before spraying or irrigating crops.
2. Concentration Control: Limit phosphorus concentrations to avoid root damage (e.g., ≤50 ppm phosphorus in solution).
3. Monitor Crop Response: Observe plants post-application and adjust strategies if abnormalities arise.
4. Regular Soil Testing: Test soil phosphorus levels periodically to refine fertilization practices.

the choice between water-soluble and soil-buried phosphate applications should balance soil properties, crop needs, and objectives. Scientific fertilization principles ensure efficient nutrient use and optimal outcomes.