1、Response of Nitrogen Losses to Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer

We conducted a meta-analysis using 1174 paired observations from 69 publications on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application on the nitrogen losses on a broad scale.

2、Localized nitrogen management strategies can halve fertilizer use in

Here we analyse N flows using a localized N management model for wheat, maize and rice in 1,690 Chinese counties, with a breakdown of multiple reactive N (Nr) loss pathways.

3、Determining optimal range of reduction rates for nitrogen fertilization

To control potential pollution caused by excessive nutrient loss from source fields, many comprehensive fertilization reduction plans have been developed and recommended. These recommendations are generated based on optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rates traditionally determined in two methods.

4、Determining optimal range of reduction rates for nitrogen fertilization

Reduced fertilization has been frequently recommended in existing studies as an efficient measurement to avoid large amount of nutrient loss and subsequent nonpoint source pollution.

5、Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Causes Rapid

To maintain good productivity, a large quantity of fertilizers was continuously applied to the soil. Due to low nitrogen (N) use efficiency, excessive nutrients are accumulated in soil profile. As a result, greenhouse soil is often compromised by the secondary soil salinization.

Response of Nitrogen Losses to Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer

We conducted a meta-analysis using 1174 paired observations from 69 publications on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application on the nitrogen losses on a broad scale.

Optimized agricultural management reduces global cropland nitrogen

Assessing the reduction in N losses through improved N management practices is complex due to varying site conditions, such as land use, climate, soil properties and local farming methods.

Long

Excessive nitrogen application did not enhance post-silking nitrogen uptake and grain yield, thus reducing nitrogen use efficiency compared with local recommended level.

Response of Nitrogen Losses to Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer

We conducted a meta-analysis using 1174 paired observations from 69 publications on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application on the...

Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Causes Rapid Degradation of

To maintain good productivity, a large quantity of fertilizers was continuously applied to the soil. Due to low nitrogen (N) use efficiency, excessive nutrients are accumulated in soil profile. As a result, greenhouse soil is often compromised by the secondary soil salinization.

Fertilizer damage in vegetables caused by excessive nitrogen application typically manifests as excessive growth, dark green or yellowed leaves, possible spindly growth, and even root burning. This not only affects vegetable yield and quality but may also harm soil structure and ecological balance. Understanding how to implement rescue measures is crucial.

I. Symptom Identification and Cause Analysis

1. Symptom Identification

First, observe the plant’s growth status, such as leaf color, morphology, and growth rate. If leaves are abnormally dark green or yellowed, and plants grow excessively fast, this may indicate nitrogen overapplication.

2. Cause Analysis

Nitrogen is essential for plant growth, but excess application leads to nutrient imbalance, particularly nitrogen surplus. Since nitrogen is mobile in soil and readily absorbed by plants, excessive uptake spurs rapid growth but depletes other nutrients, triggering fertilizer damage.

II. Rescue Measures

1. Adjust Fertilization Strategies

• Reduce Nitrogen Usage: Based on soil tests and crop needs, lower nitrogen fertilizer rates gradually to help plants adapt to balanced nutrition.
• Increase Phosphorus and Potassium Proportions: These nutrients promote root development and stress resistance. Reducing nitrogen while adding phosphorus-potassium fertilizers can mitigate nitrogen-induced damage.
• Balance Fertilizers: Combine nitrogen with phosphorus, potassium, and organic fertilizers to meet nutritional needs while avoiding risks from single-nutrient overapplication.

2. Optimize Irrigation and Drainage

• Control Irrigation: Excessive water aggravates soil salinity and nitrogen leaching. Maintain moderate soil moisture to prevent over-wetting.
• Improve Drainage: Ensure good drainage to prevent root hypoxia, especially when nitrogen levels are high.

3. Enhance Plant Management

• Prune Excess Growth: Trim overgrown plants to reduce nutrient competition and restore balance.
• Optimize Plant Density: Space plants properly based on soil fertility and climate to avoid overcrowding, which exacerbates nutrient competition and light deficiency.

4. Biological and Chemical Control

• Biological Control: Use natural predators or biopesticides to manage pests and diseases.
• Chemical Control: When necessary, apply low-toxicity, high-efficiency pesticides strictly following dosage guidelines.

5. Soil Improvement and Restoration

• Deep Tillage: Loosen compacted soil to improve aeration and nutrient cycling, fostering root growth.
• Soil Testing and Remediation: Address issues like salinization or acidification through amendments (e.g., lime, organic matter) to restore soil health.

III. Preventive Measures

1. Scientific Fertilization

• Precision Fertilization: Tailor fertilizer use to crop stages, soil fertility, and climate to avoid waste and pollution.
• Regular Soil Testing: Analyze soil nutrients and pH periodically to adjust fertilization strategies for balanced nutrition.

2. Rational Irrigation

• Water-Saving Irrigation: Use drip or sprinkler systems to minimize waste. Match irrigation to crop water demands and soil moisture.
• Rainwater Utilization: Harvest rainwater for irrigation to reduce groundwater pressure and reuse resources.

3. Crop Rotation and Intercropping

• Rotation Systems: Rotate crops to prevent soil degradation and improve structure and fertility.
• Intercropping: Pair compatible crops to enhance organic matter and soil health while maximizing yields.

4. Agricultural Extension and Training

• Farmer Training: Educate farmers on modern techniques like scientific fertilization to prevent mismanagement.
• Technical Support: Build service systems to provide timely guidance, improving efficiency and addressing challenges.

5. Policy Support and Regulation

• Policy Incentives: Offer subsidies or incentives for sustainable practices like precision fertilization.
• Regulatory Enforcement: Strengthen monitoring of illegal fertilizer/pesticide use to ensure product safety and environmental protection.

6. Soil Restoration

• Remediation Projects: Rehabilitate contaminated soils using amendments or bioremediation.
• Soil Health Practices: Add organic matter (e.g., compost, manure) and adopt conservation tillage to boost fertility and structure.

By implementing these measures, vegetable producers can effectively mitigate nitrogen-induced fertilizer damage, ensuring sustainable and stable agricultural production.