1、Polymer coated slow/ controlled release granular fertilizers

In this review, we tried to establish a fundamental understanding of why and how polymer coated fertilizers (PCFs) are developed from the past to the recent trends.

2、Controlled

CRFs are granular fertilizers containing water-soluble nutrients (mostly nitrogen fertilizers, and multi-nutrient fertilizers containing also phosphorus and/or potassium, combined sometimes with sulphur, calcium, magnesium and micronutrients to address deficiencies).

3、Controlled Release Fertilizers: A Review on Coating Materials and

With existing challenges on low nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of urea and its environmental concerns, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) have become a potential solution by formulating them to synchronize nutrient release according to the requirement of plants.

4、Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) for climate

Most growers use synthetic fertilizers such as urea, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and calcium ammonium nitrate. Among all fertilizers, urea is widely used in agriculture, and overfertilization can cause severe damage to crops (Nadarajan and Sukumaran 2021).

What are Controlled Release Fertilizers?

CRFs are granular fertilizers coated with a semipermeable membrane that gradually release nutrients into the soil over a given period of time and are commonly used across agricultural production.

Controlled

CRF, as a term, refers to fertiliser granules incorporated into carrier molecules (Fig. 1), enhancing the precision of nutrient release to crops while minimizing ecological, environmental, and health risks (Volova, Thomas, and Rakhimol 2021).

Controlled

Abstract se inhibitors and stabilized fertilizers. Controlled-release ertilizers are generally coated products. Slow-release fertilizers are noncoated products in which the nutrient release is uncontrolled but slow; these are mainly urea-aldehyde reaction products but also include other slowly soluble products such as fertilizer

HS1255/HS1255: Controlled

To deal with these challenges, the global fertilizer industry has been working to develop new fertilizers called controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) and slow-release fertilizers (SRFs).

(PDF) Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) for climate

To mitigate environmental issues and improve the longevity of fertilizer in soil, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) have been developed.

Cellulose

Abstract This review examines the potential of cellulose-based materials in controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs), with a particular focus on their structural characteristics, synthesis, modification, and agricultural applications.

Granular controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) are a new type of fertilizer that use specialized production processes and formulations to slowly release nutrients from the fertilizer into the soil, meeting the nutritional needs of plants during growth. These fertilizers offer advantages such as improved nutrient utilization, reduced environmental pollution, and labor savings, making them widely used in agricultural production.

The main types of granular controlled-release fertilizers include:

1. Urea Granular Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Urea, a common nitrogen fertilizer, is combined with phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients in specific proportions and manufactured using specialized processes. This fertilizer releases nitrogen rapidly, suitable for crops requiring quick nitrogen replenishment.

2. Diammonium Phosphate Granular Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Diammonium phosphate, a widely used phosphate fertilizer, is mixed with nitrogen, potassium, and other nutrients and processed into granular form. It provides moderate phosphorus release, ideal for crops needing balanced phosphorus and nitrogen supplementation.

3. Potassium Sulfate Granular Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Potassium sulfate, a common potassium fertilizer, is blended with nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients. This fertilizer releases potassium slowly, making it suitable for crops requiring long-term potassium supply.

4. Compound Fertilizer Granular Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Compound fertilizers contain multiple nutrients. When formulated into granular CRFs with additional nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, they offer comprehensive nutrition and are versatile for various crops.

5. Trace Element Granular Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Microelements such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and molybdenum are combined with macronutrients. This fertilizer has low nutrient concentration and is designed for crops growing in trace element-deficient soils.

6. Organic Fertilizer Granular Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Organic materials are blended with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This fertilizer is rich in nutrients and suitable for soils with high organic matter content.

7. Bio-Bacterial Agent Granular Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Beneficial microorganisms are incorporated with macronutrients. This fertilizer improves soil structure and fertility while releasing nutrients.

granular controlled-release fertilizers come in diverse forms, each with unique characteristics and suitability. Farmers should select appropriate products based on soil conditions, crop requirements, and economic considerations.