Peanuts are an essential oil crop whose growth requires adequate nutrients for support. Rational fertilization is one of the key measures to ensure high yield and quality. Below, I will elaborate on the amount of topdressing fertilizer and application methods for peanuts per mu from the following aspects:

1. Fertilizer Selection

Choosing the right fertilizer is critical. For peanuts, both organic fertilizers (e.g., farm manure, green manure) and chemical fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) are indispensable. Organic fertilizers provide rich organic matter and microelements, while chemical fertilizers rapidly replenish major nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).

Organic Fertilizers:

• Farm Manure: Includes animal feces (e.g., cow dung, pig dung, chicken dung) and crop straw. These improve soil structure and microbial activity.
• Green Manure: Planting leguminous crops (e.g., alfalfa, clover) and plowing them into the soil after growth. Their root nodules fix nitrogen, enhancing soil fertility.

Chemical Fertilizers:

• Nitrogen Fertilizer: Promotes plant growth and leaf development, significantly boosting yield.
• Phosphate Fertilizer: Supports root development, flower formation, and disease resistance.
• Potash Fertilizer: Enhances stress resistance and fruit quality.

2. Timing and Methods of Fertilization

Fertilization timing and methods impact peanut growth and yield.

Timing:

• Base Fertilizer: Applied before planting (about one month prior) to provide foundational nutrients for the entire growth period.
• Topdressing: Divided into two stages: first during the seedling stage, then around the flowering stage.

Methods:

• Groove Application: Spread fertilizer evenly on the surface, then plow to mix it with soil.
• Dibble Application: Dig small holes around plants, add fertilizer, and cover with soil. Suitable for fewer topdressing sessions.
• Ring Fertilization: Dig circular trenches between rows, apply fertilizer, and cover. Minimizes nutrient loss and avoids root damage.

3. Fertilizer Dosage

Dosage depends on soil fertility, peanut variety, climate, etc. Generally:

• Base Fertilizer: 500–800 kg per mu.
• Topdressing: 200–400 kg per mu. Adjust based on actual conditions.

4. Precautions

• Avoid Over-Fertilization: Excess nitrogen causes excessive vegetative growth; excess phosphorus burns roots; excess potash reduces quality.
• Balanced Mixing: Nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio is typically 1:1, and nitrogen-to-potash is 1:1 for balanced nutrition.
• Timely Topdressing: Apply based on growth stages to ensure normal development and yield.
• Weather Considerations: Reduce topdressing in hot, dry conditions to prevent water loss; increase in cool, rainy weather to boost stress resistance.

rational fertilization is key to high-quality peanut production. Scientific methods and balanced nutrient ratios effectively enhance yield and quality.