1、Estimating thresholds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer

In this study, we proposed a method that utilizes allowed ranges of partial nutrient balance and yield to estimate the threshold of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer applied to rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields in China.

2、Characteristics of Potassium Utilization and Crop Yield Formation in

In summary, the application of potassium fertilizer increased the yield of rapeseed better than that of rice. The recommended annual potassium fertilizer application rate for the rice-rapeseed rotation system was 250 kg K 2 O·hm -2, with the fertilization ratio between the rice season and the rapeseed season being approximately 2∶3.

3、Identifying the critical potassium inputs for optimum yield, potassium

Potassium (K) is a primary limiting macronutrient for plant growth. Inappropriate K application decisions can lead to reduced yield and potassium use efficiency (KUE). Given the scarcity and non-renewable nature of K resources, developing an indicator for critical K input is essential.

4、Dynamics of potassium concentration in paddy field water, soil and

It is recommended to improve K utilization through optimizing K fertilizer application rates, timing of fertilizer application and water management in paddy fields. With the growth of the human population, the need for food is increasing (van Dijk et al. 2021).

5、Characteristics of Potassium Utilization and Crop Yield

Compared with K 0, K application significantly increased rice and rapeseed yield by 18.1%-32.7% and 46.7%-93.1%, respectively, and K uptake by 72.3%-240.1% and 124.6%-512.2%, respectively.

Effects of potassium fertilizer application rates on rapeseed yield and

Increasing potassium fertilizer application is an effective strategy to enhance stress resistance and mitigate yield losses caused by frost damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different potassium fertilizer rates on rapeseed yield reduction following frost damage.

When to Apply Potassium

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of potassium on growth and yield of rice and to find out the best suited scheme/timing of potassium fertilizer application for rice crop.

Optimizing rice yield, quality and nutrient use efficiency through

Reasonable nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) application rates can effectively improve fertilizer use efficiency, rice yield and quality.

Effects of potassium fertilizer and potassium use efficiency on early

The objective of the research was to study the effect of potassium fertilizer on rice yield and yield component factors, and to investigate potassium (K) uptake and K use efficiency under present production conditions.

Effective potassium management for sustainable crop production based on

Our findings demonstrate that the application of chemical fertilizer K, at rates of 75 and 332 kg ha −1, significantly boosted soil NaTPB extractable K at the Quzhou site (QZ), while the higher rate of 332 kg ha −1 was more effective at the Liaocheng site (LC) (refer to Fig. S1).

During the cultivation of mid-season rice in the Jianghan Plain, field drying (exposure of paddy fields to air by draining water) is a common management practice. This technique promotes root penetration and nutrient release from the soil during critical growth stages. Potassium fertilization is a vital strategy to enhance crop yield and quality. Potassium strengthens plant disease resistance, improves grain quality, stimulates root development, and boosts photosynthetic efficiency.

I. Roles of Potassium Fertilizer

1. Enhances Disease Resistance: Reduces susceptibility to pathogens.
2. Promotes Root Development: Strengthens water and nutrient uptake capacity.
3. Improves Photosynthesis: Increases light-use efficiency, supporting growth and yield.
4. Boosts Grain Quality: Enhances taste, texture, and market value.
5. Facilitates Nitrogen Metabolism: Improves nitrogen utilization efficiency.
6. Balances Plant Hormones: Supports coordinated growth and stress responses.
7. Increases Stress Tolerance: Aids resilience to drought, heat, and other adversities.

II. Application Methods

1. Determine Dosage: Base rates on soil tests and crop requirements. Typically, 20–30 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer meets mid-season rice needs.
2. Timing: Apply early in the growth cycle to avoid nutrient loss from high temperatures.
3. Even Distribution: Broadcast fertilizer uniformly to prevent localized overconcentration.
4. Deep Incorporation: Work fertilizer into the soil via deep tillage, then cover with a thin soil layer to reduce runoff.
5. Timely Topdressing: Supplement with additional potassium during critical growth phases to maintain soil potassium levels.

III. Key Considerations

1. Avoid Overapplication: Excess potassium causes salt buildup, harming crops. Stick to recommended rates.
2. Combine with Other Fertilizers: Pair with nitrogen and phosphorus to optimize nutrient synergies.
3. Soil-Specific Adjustments: Tailor type and dosage to soil conditions (e.g., texture, pH).
4. Monitor Soil pH: Regularly test soil to prevent acidity/alkalinity imbalances.
5. Environmental Protection: Prevent groundwater contamination and ecological harm by minimizing runoff.

rational potassium management post-field drying is critical for maximizing yield and quality of mid-season rice in the Jianghan Plain. Proper application techniques and precautions ensure efficient nutrient use, fostering healthy crop development.