1、Controlled release fertilizer: A review on developments, applications

Over the last decades, exciting products have been formulated in delivery of fertilizers by means nano-enabled controlled release fertilizers to improve crop yields and better return in economic value while keeping environmental compatibility in check.

2、Effect of Coated Diammonium Phosphate Combined with

A polymer-coated controlled-release phosphate fertilizer (CRP) releases nutrients in a steady manner, coordinating the release consistent with crop demand, minimizing P ineffectiveness owing to soil fixation and extending fertilizer efficacy.

3、Water Polishing improved controlled

We hypothesize that water-based surface modification is effective in improving the performance of controlled release P fertilizer while reducing its production cost.

Coated Diammonium Phosphate Combined With Humic Acid Improves Soil

Controlled release phosphorus (P) fertilizers and humic acid (HA) applications are two effective and significant techniques or measures for preventing P loss and enhancing maize development.

Co

The application of a diammonium phosphate coating effectively mitigates direct contact between the phosphate fertilizer and the soil, thus minimizing phosphorus fixation. Humic acid holds a pivotal role in augmenting soil quality and activating the soil’s phosphorus reserves.

Controlled

Controlled-release P fertilizers (CRP) can improve crop P absorption and yield. However, it remains unclear how CRP application regulates soybean productivity by affecting soil microbial communities and soil enzyme activities.

Properties of Coated Controlled Release Diammonium Phosphate

In an effort to enhance the efficiency of fertilizer use and minimize their negative impact on the environment, a novel biomass-based, functional controlled-release fertilizer was used to improve nutrient use efficiency and increase crop production systems for more sustainable agriculture practices.

Coated Diammonium Phosphate Combined With Humic Acid Improves Soil

Coated diammonium phosphate (CDAP), a controlled-release P fertilizer, releases P according to the demand of the plant, which not only improves PUE and crop yield but also reduces the environmental risk posed by the excessive use of fertilizers (Cruz et al., 2017; Lu et al., 2019).

Coated Diammonium Phosphate Combined With Humic Acid Improves Soil

Coated diammonium phosphate (CDAP), a controlled-release P fertilizer, releases P according to the demand of the plant, which not only improves PUE and crop yield but also reduces the environmental risk posed by the excessive use of fertilizers (Cruz et al., 2017; Lu et al., 2019).

Coated Diammonium Phosphate Combined With Humic

Controlled release phosphorus (P) fertilizers and humic acid (HA) applications are two effective and significant techniques or measures for preventing P loss and enhancing maize development.

Which is Better: Controlled-Release Fertilizer or Diammonium Phosphate?

Controlled-release fertilizer and diammonium phosphate (DAP) represent two distinct types of agricultural fertilizers with different applications and advantages. Controlled-release fertilizer is a slow-release formulation designed to provide nutrients gradually over time, meeting plants' growth demands. In contrast, DAP primarily serves as an nitrogen-rich fertilizer. The following comparison analyzes these fertilizers across multiple dimensions:

1. Nutrient Release Characteristics

• Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Manufactured through specialized chemical or physical processes, this fertilizer enables controlled, stable nutrient release. Its prolonged soil availability reduces application frequency and over-fertilization risks. For instance, phosphorus and potassium components sustainably nourish plants throughout growth stages.
• DAP: As a high-nitrogen fertilizer, DAP releases nitrogen rapidly and intensely. While this supports quick plant uptake, excessive use may lead to salt buildup in soils and hinder late-stage crop yields. Rapid nitrogen absorption might also cause excessive vegetative growth.

2. Soil Adaptability

• Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Suitable for diverse soil types (acidic, neutral, alkaline) due to pH-adjusted formulations. It improves soil structure, organic matter content, and microbial activity, benefiting root development.
• DAP: Best suited for neutral-to-alkaline soils. In acidic conditions, nitrogen may dissipate as ammonia, reducing efficacy. Soil pH testing is critical for optimal results.

3. Environmental Impact

• Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Minimizes environmental pollution by preventing rapid nutrient loss. Reduced ammonia volatilization and leaching lower ecological footprints.
• DAP: High nitrogen losses (especially ammonia emissions) pose environmental risks. Improper application increases soil salinity and resource waste, requiring careful dosage management.

4. Economic Considerations

• Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Higher upfront costs are offset by long-term efficiency. Enhanced nutrient utilization and fewer applications lower overall agricultural expenses.
• DAP: Budget-friendly for short-term needs, but frequent reapplication due to rapid release may increase cumulative costs.

5. Crop Growth Effects

• Controlled-Release Fertilizer: Aligns nutrient supply with crops' phenological stages, promoting steady growth and high-quality yields. Prevents over-fertilization damage.
• DAP: Ideal for nitrogen-hungry crops (e.g., corn, rice) during rapid growth phases. excess use risks weakened fruit quality and reduced productivity.

Both fertilizers offer unique benefits: controlled-release excels in sustainability, soil health, and environmental friendliness despite higher costs, while DAP provides economic accessibility for immediate nitrogen needs. The choice depends on crop type, soil conditions, and financial priorities.