1、Fertilizer application rate and nutrient use efficiency in Chinese

Therefore, surveying the conventional application rate (CAR) and NUE of fertilizers in Chinese GVP can help growers optimize fertilization management and provide a theoretical basis for guiding fertilizer application policies. Some studies have reported the fertilizer use status in Chinese GVP.

2、Excessive application of chemical fertilizer and organophosphorus

For anthropogenic drivers, the path coefficients of usage of fertilizer and pesticides, which was often excessively applied in China, were 0.921 and 0.909, respectively causing they the two...

3、Past, present, and future use of phosphorus in Chinese

Large inputs of phosphorus (P) in chemical fertilizers and feed supplements since 1978 have improved soil P status in arable land in China, but have also created challenges by increasing P concentrations in manure and exacerbating water quality degradation.

4、Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency and Status of Phosphorus Reuse in

Based on this, we developed a P resource efficiency index system and further explored the potential reasons for the changes in different areas by analyzing the inflow, outflow, and reuse of P in various modules.

5、Phosphorus use efficiency has crossed the turning point of the

Along with the processes of industrialization and urbanization in China, the development of agricultural mechanization has further resulted in an increase of PUE and decrease of Psur. Although great efforts were made, China still has a relative low PUE and high P sur compared to developed countries.

Past, present, and future use of phosphorus in Chinese agriculture and

Large inputs of phosphorus (P) in chemical fertilizers and feed supplements since 1978 have improved soil P status in arable land in China, but have also created challenges by increasing P concentrations in manure and exacerbating water quality degradation.

Mechanisms for improving phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants

Relatively large amounts of P fertilizer are applied to sustain crop growth and development and to achieve high yields. However, with increasing P application, plant P efficiency generally declines, which results in greater losses of P to the environment with detrimental consequences for ecosystems.

Management Strategies to Optimize Soil Phosphorus Utilization and

Phosphorus lost from agriculture is the second greatest contributor to waterbody eutrophication in China, accounting for 25% of total P losses in 2010; the main contributor is livestock husbandry.

Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency and Status of Phosphorus Reuse in

Meanwhile, rapid economic development has greatly improved the life quality of Chinese people, which, in turn, has resulted in increasing demand for P and corresponding eutrophication concerns ...

Will China's fertilizer use continue to decline? Evidence from LMDI

Our finding suggests that (1) The intensity effect was the most critical factor affecting the decline in fertilizer use in China. (2) The sowing scale and fertilization intensity of grain, vegetables and fruits had the most significant driving effect on fertilizer reduction.

标题：Why is the Utilization Rate of Phosphate Fertilizer in China Low?

The reasons for the low utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in China are mainly as follows:

1. Traditional agricultural production methods: Chinese agriculture has long been based on extensive farming practices, which have led to a significant waste of chemical fertilizers. Farmers, in pursuit of high yields, often overuse fertilizers and neglect the rational use of phosphate fertilizers. Additionally, the relatively backward agricultural infrastructure and inadequate farmland irrigation facilities in China also contribute to the low utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer.

2. Unreasonable fertilizer blending: In agricultural production, the blending of chemical fertilizers is often decided by farmers themselves without scientific guidance. This results in many farmers using phosphate fertilizer without following the appropriate proportions with nitrogen and potash fertilizers, leading to not only the waste of phosphate fertilizer but also potential damage to soil structure and adverse effects on crop growth.

3. Varying quality of phosphate fertilizers: The phosphate fertilizer market in China is highly competitive with products of uneven quality. Some inferior phosphate fertilizers contain a large amount of impurities and harmful substances that do not provide nutrients to crops but rather pollute soil and the environment. This situation leads farmers to focus on price when selecting phosphate fertilizers, ignoring its quality.

4. Lack of effective technology promotion and training: Although there are some technologies and methods related to the use of phosphate fertilizer in China, farmers' understanding of these knowledge is generally poor. due to the information isolation in rural areas, farmers find it difficult to access the latest phosphate fertilizer application methods and technologies, resulting in the continued use of traditional and inefficient methods.

5. Soil condition constraints: With diverse soil types in China, different soils have varying demands and responses to phosphate fertilizer. Some soils naturally contain high levels of phosphorus, and excessive use can lead to soil acidification and salinization issues. Additionally, in some regions of China where soil texture is poor, such as sandy or clay soils, their poor water and fertilizer retention capabilities also affect the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer.

6. Lack of environmental awareness: In some areas, driven by short-term economic benefits, farmers may ignore environmental protection. They might overuse phosphate fertilizer, causing groundwater pollution and soil degradation. Furthermore, inadequate environmental regulation from local governments allows farmers to operate without strict adherence to environmental regulations during production processes, impacting the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer.

To improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in China, efforts can be made from several aspects:

1. Strengthening agricultural science and technology promotion: By organizing training sessions and distributing promotional materials, scientific knowledge about phosphate fertilizer use can be popularized among farmers, enhancing their knowledge level. Simultaneously, introducing advanced phosphate fertilizer production technologies can improve both the quality and efficiency of phosphate fertilizers.

2. Optimizing agricultural industrial structure: Adjusting the agricultural industrial structure to develop high-yield and efficient agricultural models that reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. Promoting ecological and organic agriculture as green agricultural models can enhance the quality and added value of agricultural products.

3. Enhancing soil management: Tailoring specific improvement measures to different soil types to increase their water and fertilizer retention abilities. Concurrently, strengthening soil testing to promptly identify and address soil problems.

4. Reinforcing environmental supervision: Enhanced environmental supervision over phosphate fertilizer use should strictly enforce environmental regulations. Enterprises and individuals violating pollutant discharges should be punished according to law. Simultaneously, encouraging farmers to adopt environmentally friendly phosphate fertilizers can reduce environmental pollution.

5. Improving farmer quality: Through education and training, farmers' cultural level and scientific literacy can be enhanced, enabling them to better understand and master the use techniques of phosphate fertilizers, thus improving its utilization rate.

6. Policy support: The government should increase support for agricultural scientific research and development, promoting technological advancements in the phosphate fertilizer industry. formulating relevant policies can guide farmers to use phosphate fertilizer rationally and protect the environment.