1、Controlled

Several new technologies like plasmas, flow chemistry, Fe-based metal−organic framework (MOF), controlled release fertiliser extraction using wastewater management techniques, nanotechnologies, and microfluidic sensing have been developed.

2、Controlled Release Fertilizers: A Review on Coating Materials and

With existing challenges on low nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of urea and its environmental concerns, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) have become a potential solution by formulating them to synchronize nutrient release according to the requirement of plants.

3、Frontiers

Controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) have been reported to effectively reduce the nitrogen loss by matching the release pattern with crop N demand, thus increasing the yield. However, the changes in N allocation to enhance the photosynthesis under CRF have rarely been addressed.

4、Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) for climate

The controlled release rate of fertilizer is crucial in avoiding the over-release of fertilizer nutrients to soil and providing high use efficiency while minimizing adverse effects on the environment.

Controlled release fertilizer: A review on developments, applications

As a solution, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) are discovered where nutrients can be released in a timely and gradually manner, which attempt to coincide and match with the specific nutrient demand during plant growth.

Controlled Release Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture

Controlled release fertilizers (CRF) can be used to alleviate the problems created due to these losses as they are designed to synchronize the release of nutrients according to plant...

Effects of Controlled

The replacement of common urea with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer can improve rice yield and quality, but the effect of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and quality at different release stages is still unclear.

[Effect of single basal application of controlled

Considering the yield, reactive nitrogen loss and carbon and nitrogen footprint, we recommended the single basal application of controlled-release blended fertilizer as an effective nitrogen fertilizer management measure to promote grain clean production in the North China Plain.

It is necessary to develop the slow and controlled release fertilizer

Simultaneously, nutrient release prediction technology and online rapid detection technology were developed for controlled-release fertilizers, and a series of special formula fertilizers and their application technologies were developed.

HS1255/HS1255: Controlled

Proper nutrient management should include the “Four R’s” of fertilizer use: apply the right nutrient, at the right rate, at the right time, and in the right place for the selected crop (Mikkelsen 2011).

Controlled-release fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer characterized by its gradual nutrient release into the soil, allowing plants to absorb nutrients over an extended period. This type of fertilizer significantly reduces the frequency and amount of applications, improves nutrient utilization efficiency, and minimizes environmental pollution. For potted plants, base fertilization is critical to growth and flowering quality. Below are some recommendations for preparing and using controlled-release fertilizer as base fertilizer:

I. Understand the Characteristics of Controlled-Release Fertilizer

1. Slow-Release Properties

• Definition: Nutrient release is gradual, avoiding excessive soil salinity or rapid nutrient loss from overapplication.
• Advantages: Reduces fertilization frequency and risks of poor growth or diseases caused by improper dosing.
• Disadvantages: Initial applications may need supplemental fertilization to meet plant demands.

2. Long-Term Efficacy

• Definition: Nutrients remain available for extended periods, aligning with the plant’s growth cycle.
• Advantages: Prevents soil compaction and fertilizer damage, reducing waste.
• Disadvantages: Requires adjustments based on specific plant needs and growth stages.

3. Safety

• Definition: Manufactured to meet strict standards, minimizing harmful substances.
• Advantages: Lower environmental and health risks.
• Disadvantages: Variability between brands/types; choose reputable, high-quality products.

II. Select the Right Type of Controlled-Release Fertilizer

1. Combine Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers

• Organic Fertilizers: Well-decomposed cow manure, chicken manure, etc., enrich soil structure and micronutrients.
• Inorganic Fertilizers: Urea, diammonium phosphate, etc., provide essential nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).
• Synergy: Combines nutrient supply and soil improvement for healthier plant growth.

2. Tailor to Plant Needs

• Foliage Plants: Emphasize nitrogen for leaf growth but balance with phosphorus/potassium for chlorophyll synthesis.
• Flowering Plants: Require additional phosphorus and potassium for bud formation and blooms.
• Succulents: Benefit from higher phosphorus to enhance tissue hardness and shine.

3. Consider Growth Stages

• Active Growth Phase: Increase nutrients to support rapid development.
• Dormancy: Reduce fertilization to prevent excess nutrient depletion.

III. Apply Controlled-Release Fertilizer Strategically

1. Determine Dosage

• Empirical Method: Base dosage on soil tests and plant condition.
• Proportion Method: Follow package recommendations (typically ~10% of total soil volume).

2. Timing

• Early Application: Apply at the start of the growing season for adequate nutrient absorption.
• Late Application: Avoid end-of-season applications to prevent nutrient runoff.

3. Application Methods

• Base Fertilization: Bury fertilizer 20–30 cm deep during potting.
• Topdressing: Supplement monthly during active growth phases.

IV. Precautions

1. Avoid Overapplication

• Prevent Root Burn: Excessive fertilizer raises soil salinity, damaging roots.
• Moderate Dosing: Adjust based on plant needs and soil conditions.

2. Time and Method Matter

• Avoid High Temperatures: Heat accelerates nutrient loss; apply during cooler periods.
• Correct Placement: Keep fertilizer away from direct root contact to avoid injury.

3. Clean Up Residuals

• Regular Cleaning: Remove excess fertilizer to prevent soil contamination.
• Ensure Dissolution: Apply only after fertilizer fully dissolves to avoid residue buildup.

V. Post-Application Management

1. Monitor Plant Health

• Routine Checks: Observe growth regularly and address issues promptly.
• Documentation: Record fertilization schedules and plant responses to refine practices.

2. Adjust Strategies

• Flexible Dosing: Modify frequency/amount based on plant performance and weather.
• Weather Response: Increase fertilization during droughts to compensate for stress.

3. Pest and Disease Control

• Prevention First: Proper fertilization reduces pest/disease risks.
• Prompt Action: Use targeted pesticides or biological controls if issues arise.

By following these steps and precautions, controlled-release fertilizer can optimize nutrient delivery, creating a balanced, healthy environment for potted plants.