1、Deep placement of controlled

We tested three optimized fertilizer management strategies comprising deep placement of common urea (DFC), traditional fertilization depth with controlled-release and common urea (TFB), and deep application of controlled-release urea mixed with common urea (DFB).

2、Deep placement of controlled

Application of controlled-release urea (CRU) improves crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) compared with conventional urea. However, the effectiveness of CRU differs with...

3、Controlled Release Fertilizers: A Review on Coating Materials and

With existing challenges on low nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of urea and its environmental concerns, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) have become a potential solution by formulating them to synchronize nutrient release according to the requirement of plants.

Controlled Release Urea Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of

Controlled Release Urea Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Wheat and Corn be more labor and time-saving than th. conventional N fertil-izers, which need split fertilization...

Controlled

Controlled-release urea (CRU) can improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency and yield, but comprehensive evaluations of its agronomic, physiological, and environmental impacts remain limited.

Controlled Release Urea Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of

A 30% decrease in the application rate of N is possible with controlled-release urea compared to urea. The application of controlled-release urea increased crop yield, N use efficiency, net farm profit, and soil fertility.

Impacts of controlled

Abstract Although controlled-release urea (CRU) has demonstrated higher nitrogen use efficiency compared to conventional urea, comprehensive evaluations of its multi-year continuous application on yield stability and environmental sustainability remain limited.

IARRP team clarifies the effecting mechanism of controlled

Controlled-release fertilizers can provide a steady supply of nutrients to crops over an extended period of time, which can improve nutrient efficiency and crop productivity. The main difference between controlled-release urea and ordinary urea lies in the release rate of nutrients into the soil.

Effects of combined application of slow

Zhou et al. 12 concluded that compared with conventional nitrogen fertilizer, slow/controlled-release fertilizer can significantly improve maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

Combining time

Abstract The application of controlled-release urea (CRU) has become an important practice to increase maize yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) with one-time fertilization management.

Corn, as one of the world's most important food crops, requires careful nutrient management during its growth. Urea and controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) are two commonly used nitrogen sources, each offering distinct advantages in promoting corn development. Below is a detailed comparison of their characteristics and suitability:

I. Urea Fertilizer

1. Composition and Function

• Urea is a high-nitrogen compound primarily used to replenish soil nitrogen. Adequate nitrogen absorption by corn plants accelerates stem and leaf growth, enhances photosynthetic efficiency, and boosts yields.
• Urea is rapidly absorbed by plant roots and converted into ammonia, which dissipates into the soil for easy plant uptake. This quick-response feature makes urea an ideal choice for immediate nitrogen supplementation.

2. Performance

• Urea rapidly increases soil nitrogen levels, allowing corn plants to respond promptly to elevated nitrogen availability, thereby stimulating growth.
• urea’s nitrogen exists in ammonium form, which must be converted to nitrate via nitrification—a process affected by soil pH, temperature, and other factors. This may reduce nitrogen utilization efficiency.

3. Cost and Benefits

• Urea is affordable and easy to apply, making it suitable for large-scale agricultural use. Farmers can economically address nitrogen deficiencies.
• excessive urea use risks soil acidification, groundwater contamination, and environmental stress due to ammonia volatilization. Long-term overuse may also degrade soil structure, hindering healthy corn growth.

II. Controlled-Release Fertilizer (CRF)

1. Composition and Function

• CRFs are slow-release fertilizers designed to deliver nitrogen gradually over time, ensuring steady nutrient supply throughout corn’s growth stages.
• Composed of polymer matrices and nitrogen sources, CRFs regulate release rates via the matrix’s chemical/physical properties. Adjusting these parameters allows precise control over nitrogen release.

2. Performance

• CRFs provide consistent, long-term nitrogen availability, critical for optimal corn development and yield formation.
• They minimize nitrogen loss and environmental pollution. The slow-release mechanism reduces runoff, leaching, and atmospheric emissions compared to urea.

3. Cost and Benefits

• CRFs are costlier upfront but offer long-term economic benefits by reducing nitrogen waste, environmental harm, and potential yield gains.
• Farmers must weigh initial costs against long-term gains. Under favorable economic conditions, CRFs can enhance corn quality and productivity while promoting sustainability.

The choice between urea and CRFs depends on specific growing conditions and soil properties. Farmers should tailor their decisions to local contexts, prioritize professional guidance, and select the most appropriate fertilizer type and application method to optimize results.