1、Frontiers

Nitrogen deficiency is a significant limiting factor of growth, grain yield, and grain quality of wheat, a crop that has a high N fertilizer demand (Salvagiotti and Miralles, 2008; Masclaux-Daubresse et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2020b).

2、Impacts of Nitrogen Deficiency on Wheat

The impact of N-deficiency on wheat at the seedling stage has been previously reported, but the impact of distinct N regimes applied at the seedling stage with continuous application on filling and maturing wheat grains is lesser known, despite the filling stage being critical for final grain yield and flour quality.

3、Effects of water

Fertilizer N loss decreased with increasing irrigation, but wasn’t affected by N rate. In recent decades, continuous increase of N fertilizer inputs made significant contributions to the wheat production increase in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the largest wheat producing region of China.

4、Reducing soil nitrogen losses from fertilizer use in global maize and

Maize and wheat are two major staple foods that collectively contribute two-thirds of the world’s grain supply. The extensive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers during the cultivation of both...

5、(PDF) Impact of Nitrogen Application on Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L

Nitrogen fertilizer affects the grain protein percentage that is important for baking purposes. There is a proper dose of nitrogen application in wheat growth that determines crop quality...

Nitrogen fertilizer management on wheat yield and nitrogen utilization

This study was conducted to realize the synergistic improvement of high efficiency nitrogen utilization and wheat economic yield, where two treatments of traditional farmer fertilization (TFF) and nitrogen fertilizer precision management (NFPM) were set up.

Wheat Growth, Yield, and Quality Under Water Deficit and

Nitrogen is an important nutrient for increasing wheat production, but there is still a need to economize the optimum nitrogen rate under water-deficit conditions. Water stress is the most important abiotic stress adversely affecting crop productivity.

Interaction Effects of Water and Nitrogen Practices on Wheat Yield

Water resource shortage and unreasonable application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer have been problems in wheat production of northern China. However, the interaction effects of water regimes and N practices on wheat root growth, grain yield, soil water, and inorganic N changes as well as water-N use efficiency are still unclear under drip irrigation.

Nitrogen uptake in wheat: A comprehensive study

Excessive application of nitrogen can lead to environmental issues such as groundwater contamination and greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, optimizing nitrogen use efficiency is paramount for sustainable wheat production.

Global evaluation of key factors influencing nitrogen fertilization

Some meta-analyses conducted in recent years investigated the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on crop yield and gaseous emissions, but most are region-specific and focused on N sources and application methods.

Nitrogen fertilizer, as one of the three essential nutrients for plant growth, plays a critical role in the development of crops. In agricultural production, rational application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly improves crop yields and enhances quality. excessive use leads to resource waste and environmental problems. Understanding the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat is vital for guiding agricultural practices.

I. Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Growth and Development

1. Promoting Wheat Root Development

• Enhancing root absorption capacity: Appropriate nitrogen application increases soil nitrogen content, stimulating root growth. This enables wheat to absorb water and nutrients more efficiently, improving drought resistance.
• Improving soil structure: Nitrogen fertilizer loosens soil texture and enhances aeration, facilitating root expansion and growth.

2. Affecting Wheat Leaf Growth

• Boosting leaf area: Nitrogen accelerates leaf expansion, increasing photosynthetic surface area. This enhances light capture and energy production, supporting healthy growth.
• Raising photosynthetic rates: Larger leaves correlate with higher photosynthetic efficiency, converting more energy into biomass and ultimately increasing yield.

3. Accelerating Tillering and Spike Differentiation

• Stimulating tillering: Nitrogen promotes tillering, creating robust plants with more stems per unit area. This increases effective ear count and grain filling rates.
• Hastening spike development: Proper nitrogen levels expedite spike differentiation, forming more florets. This improves pollination and grain set, boosting yield.

II. Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Yield

1. Increasing Yield Per Unit Area

• Boosting productivity: Nitrogen is key to yield enhancement. Optimal application increases biomass and dry weight, raising per-plant and total yields.
• Economic benefits: Higher yields translate to greater profitability, motivating farmers to optimize fertilization.

2. Enhancing Stress Resistance

• Cold tolerance: Moderate nitrogen strengthens cold resistance, ensuring growth during winter.
• Drought resilience: Nitrogen improves drought adaptability, maintaining productivity under water stress.

3. Improving Grain Quality

• Grain characteristics: Proper nitrogen raises protein content while reducing fat, enhancing market value.
• Flour quality: High-quality grain produces finer flour with better nutritional and culinary attributes.

III. Ecological Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat

1. Reducing Environmental Pollution

• Minimizing fertilizer runoff: Excessive nitrogen causes soil and water pollution. Rational use reduces nutrient loss and environmental harm.
• Mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution: Balanced application lowers ecological risks from diffuse pollution.

2. Supporting Sustainable Agriculture

• Resource efficiency: Proper nitrogen use optimizes input-output ratios, avoiding resource depletion.
• Food security: Higher yields and better quality contribute to global food stability.

3. Economic Advantages

• Income growth: Improved yields and quality elevate farmer earnings, fueling rural economies.
• Rural development: Thriving agriculture drives secondary industries, fostering comprehensive progress.

Nitrogen fertilizer profoundly impacts wheat growth, yield, and ecology. To balance productivity and sustainability, adhere to the principle of "appropriate application," achieving both high-quality output and environmental protection.