1、Foliar Nitrogen Application Enhances Nitrogen Assimilation and

In response to foliar urea application, wheat plants rapidly modulate their nitrogen metabolism to efficiently assimilate and redistribute nitrogen within the plant. Several key genes involved in nitrogen uptake, assimilation, and remobilization are upregulated in response to foliar urea.

2、Long

Interaction between biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves nitrogen utilization efficiency, closely connected with rhizosphere microbes involved in nitrogen-cycling

3、Optimized split nitrogen fertilizer increase photosynthesis, grain

The yield advantage obtained with the optimized split-nitrogen fertilizer application may be attributable to greater flag leaf photosynthetic capacity and grain-filling capacity.

4、Frontiers

Optimized nitrogen (N) fertilization can strongly enhance plant photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation (Hao et al., 2023). The photosynthetic activity duration is strongly correlated with leaf senescence (Lv et al., 2017).

5、Effect of amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied on photosynthetic

The objective of this study is to clarify the regulatory effects of different N fertilizer applications on photosynthetic characteristics and assimilate accumulation in drip irrigated spring wheat leaves under the climatic conditions of northern Xinjiang.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics

This study aims to understand the influence of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters on the yield of winter wheat in some areas of China. Nitrogen (N) application is believed to improve photosynthesis in flag leaves, ultimately increasing the final yield.

Improving Winter Wheat Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and

In order to enhance the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and grain yield of winter wheat, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different nitrogen ratios and doses at various development stages of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen nutrition and yield of wheat

While nitrogen application significantly increased grain yield in the low fertility field, the yield of high soil fertility field was higher than that of the low soil fertility field. The yield increase with nitrogen application in low soil fertility field was 2.63 times that of high soil fertility field compared with no nitrogen treatment.

Optimizing nitrogen fertilization to enhance wheat productivity by

We hypothesize that elevated NH 3 concentrations combined with different N application rates would affect wheat productivity through regulating canopy-root traits and photosynthetic capacity.

Nitrogen fertilizer application rates and ratios promote the

In wheat, nitrogen fertilization boosted the net photosynthetic rate and improved the photosynthetic pigment characteristics. Previous research has shown a correlation between the leaf nitrogen content and the photosynthetic capacity (Li et al., 2018; Fan et al., 2011).

Nitrogen fertilizer is a commonly used agricultural input that significantly accelerates crop growth and boosts yields. For wheat, nitrogen plays a critical role as it directly impacts leaf development, photosynthesis, and final productivity.

1. Promoting Leaf Growth

Nitrogen, an essential nutrient for plant growth, drives chlorophyll synthesis—the foundation of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll molecules contain nitrogen atoms, so adequate nitrogen supply increases chlorophyll content, resulting in darker green leaves and enhanced photosynthetic capacity.

Mechanisms of Action:

• Nitrogen promotes chlorophyll synthesis by supporting protein production.
• It regulates water balance in plants, helping leaves maintain optimal hydration to improve photosynthetic efficiency.

2. Enhancing Photosynthetic Efficiency

Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy and enables plants to assimilate carbon dioxide and water. Nitrogen fertilizer improves photosynthetic efficiency through:

Effects on Photosynthetic Pigments:

• Nitrogen increases levels of carotenoids and xanthophylls in chloroplasts, which are vital for light capture and energy conversion.
• It stabilizes chloroplast membranes, enabling pigments to absorb light more effectively.

Effects on Enzyme Activity:

• Nitrogen activates enzymes involved in both the light-dependent and Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis.
• It enhances the activity of phosphorylases and dehydrogenases, which produce ATP and NADPH—key energy sources for photosynthesis.

3. Improving Crop Yield

Nitrogen fertilizer markedly increases wheat yields by promoting robust plant growth, greater tillering, and higher numbers of effective ears per plant. Additionally, it improves grain quality, such as protein content and taste.

Hormonal and Physiological Effects:

• Nitrogen modulates hormones like auxins and gibberellins, which regulate growth and development.
• It strengthens antioxidant enzyme systems (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase) that neutralize harmful substances, maintaining physiological stability.

4. Stimulating Root Development

Nitrogen fertilizer also benefits wheat root systems. Healthy roots are critical for nutrient and water uptake. Nitrogen stimulates root growth, expanding surface area for absorption and improving resource utilization.

Effects on Root Morphology:

• Nitrogen promotes root elongation and density, enhancing soil nutrient uptake.
• It encourages broader root distribution, optimizing access to soil resources.

5. Enhancing Stress Resistance

Nitrogen fertilizer improves wheat’s resilience to adverse conditions (e.g., drought, heat). Under stress, nitrogen strengthens tolerance by:

Protective Mechanisms:

• Boosting antioxidant enzyme activity (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase) to mitigate cellular damage.
• Adjusting hormone levels (e.g., reducing auxins under stress) to limit cell elongation, reduce transpiration, and conserve water.

6. Supporting Pest and Disease Control

Nitrogen fertilizer indirectly suppresses pests and diseases by strengthening crop defenses. It enhances antipathogen mechanisms and accelerates recovery from attacks.

Defense Mechanisms:

• Nitrogen modulates hormones (e.g., auxins) to reduce cell elongation and water loss, improving disease resistance.
• It induces antimicrobial compounds and strengthens physical barriers, deterring pests and pathogens.

Nitrogen fertilizer is indispensable for wheat production, as it optimizes leaf growth, photosynthesis, stress resistance, and yield while improving grain quality. Rational nitrogen application is a cornerstone of modern agricultural practices.