1、A concise review on cadmium in fertilizers: Soil

Applying phosphorus fertilizers sourced from Cd-containing phosphate rock is a significant issue. Reducing pH in the soil is the main factor in influencing Cd bioavailability, as adding phosphate will enhance the soil pH and negative surface charge of soil, and increase the Cd 2+ absorption to soil (Wu et al., 2016).

2、Frontiers

Treatments with silicone, lime (CaCO 3), and calcium-magnesium phosphate (CMP) fertilizers can reduce cadmium activity in the soil, thereby preventing cadmium from moving from the soil to the rice (Li et al., 2018; Rehman et al., 2019).

3、Phosphate Fertilizers’ Dual Role in Cadmium

Commonly used phosphate fertilizers (PFs) not only provide essential phosphorus (P) nutrients to crops but also serve as P-containing materials for immobilizing heavy metals (HMs) like Cd in soils.

Cadmium pollution from phosphate fertilizers in arable soils and crops

This review summarizes risks to human health, the factors influencing cadmium movement in soils and crop uptake, as well as common plant responses to its toxicity. In addition, it summarizes cadmium balances in soils, trends, long-term experiments, and further studies.

Liming increases yield and reduces grain cadmium

Lime application is effective in both enhancing grain yield and reducing grain Cd concentrations in acidic rice paddies. Discover the latest articles, books and news in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

Soil and water pollution in the One Health approach

Cd can be released into the environment through natural activities (erosion, river transport, and volcanic activity) and, above all, through phosphate fertilizers, which can cause pollution.

Lime

Treatments with silicone, lime (CaCO 3), and calcium-magnesium phosphate (CMP) fertilizers can reduce cadmium activity in the soil, thereby preventing cadmium from moving from the soil to the rice (Li et al., 2018; Rehman et al., 2019).

Lime based amendments inhibiting uptake of cadmium in rice planted in

Likewise, in heavy contaminated soil, the brown rice Cd content was 0.156, 0.177 and 0.184 mg/kg and reduced significantly by 51.2%, 44.6% and 42.5%, respectively, compared to the control, with lime mixed with calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and sepiolite application.

Lime and Phosphate Could Reduce Cadmium Uptake by Five Vegetables

The results suggested that a proper application of lime could be effective in reducing Cd uptake of vegetables, and phosphate could promote growth of the vegetables as well as alleviate the toxicity of Cd.

Lime and Phosphate Could Reduce Cadmium Uptake by Five Vegetables

Phosphate decreased Cd uptake by vegetables by 12%-23%. Compared with lime, phosphate decreased, to a smaller extent, the bioavailability of Cd in most cases.

Lime-phosphate fertilizer water is a commonly used agricultural irrigation method, primarily employed to treat and prevent cadmium contamination in soil. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that poses potential risks to both the environment and human health. implementing effective measures to control cadmium levels in soil is crucial. As a prevalent farmland management technique, the principles and effects of lime-phosphate fertilizer water warrant in-depth exploration.

1. Principle of Lime-Phosphate Fertilizer Water

The main function of lime-phosphate fertilizer water is to neutralize acidic substances in the soil and adjust the pH level. In agricultural production, excessive nitrogen fertilizers can lead to soil acidification, adversely affecting crop growth and soil health. Using lime-phosphate fertilizer water effectively neutralizes soil acids, restores the soil's acid-base balance, and enhances soil fertility.

2. Harms of Cadmium Contamination

Cadmium is a heavy metal that poses potential hazards to both humans and the environment. It can accumulate through the food chain, eventually entering the human body and causing various health issues, such as kidney diseases and bone disorders. Additionally, cadmium severely damages the environment, including disrupting aquatic ecosystems and contaminating soil. preventing cadmium contamination in soil is a critical task for environmental and human health protection.

3. Methods of Treating Cadmium Contamination with Lime-Phosphate Fertilizer Water

Lime-phosphate fertilizer water addresses soil cadmium contamination through the following approaches:

• Neutralizing Acidic Soil: The alkaline components in lime-phosphate fertilizer water neutralize soil acids, raising the pH level. This reduces the formation of insoluble compounds between cadmium and other ions (such as iron and aluminum) in the soil, thereby decreasing cadmium adsorption and bioavailability.

• Enhancing Soil Fertility: By neutralizing acidic soil, fertility is improved, promoting crop growth. This not only helps reduce soil cadmium content but also improves crop quality and yield.

• Reducing Cadmium Bioavailability: Improved soil fertility reduces the bioavailability of cadmium, meaning cadmium is less likely to be absorbed by plants, minimizing the risk of cadmium entering the human body through the food chain.

4. Application Effects of Lime-Phosphate Fertilizer Water

The effectiveness of lime-phosphate fertilizer water in treating cadmium contamination is evident in several aspects:

• Significant Reduction in Soil Cadmium Levels: By neutralizing acidic soil, cadmium content is reduced, lowering the risk of crop absorption.

• Improved Crop Quality and Yield: Enhanced soil fertility and reduced cadmium bioavailability contribute to better crop quality and higher yields.

• Environmental and Human Health Protection: Reducing soil cadmium levels minimizes environmental and human health impacts.

lime-phosphate fertilizer water is an effective agricultural management method for treating and preventing soil cadmium contamination. By neutralizing acidic soil, improving fertility, and reducing cadmium bioavailability, it decreases soil cadmium content and lowers the risk of crop absorption. it enhances crop quality and yield while protecting the environment and human health. Promoting the use of lime-phosphate fertilizer water is of great significance in addressing soil cadmium contamination.