1、Long

Results showed that in addition to soil pH and nutrients (e.g., carbon and nitrogen), the yield and quality of kiwifruit were improved by the application of organic amendments compared with the control.

2、Agronomic Practices Affecting the Yield and Quality of Kiwifruit: A

Since kiwifruit vines produce foliage in March, flower in May, and are harvested in October or early November, a frost-free period of 225–240 days is necessary.

3、Effects of irrigation and fertilization management on kiwifruit yield

Comparison of the effects of non-optimal fertilization rates on kiwifruit yield relative to optimal fertilization rates. Points and bars represent the average effect and 95% confidence interval, respectively.

Kiwi Crop: Complete Nutrition & Fertigation Guide

Optimal conditions include mean temperatures of 15–25°C during the growing season, with indicative, cultivar specific winter chill requirements of green varieties between 800–1000 hours below 7°C.

Optimizing Irrigation and Fertilization Regimes to Enhance Yield and

Optimizing irrigation and fertilization system is a key measure to improve the yield and quality of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.).

CALCIUM FERTILIZATION IN A KIWIFRUIT ORCHARD

The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of a commercial biostimulant as Ca fertilizer foliar and/or soil application – in a kiwifruit orchard in NW Spain (Galicia).

Growth and Production of Kiwifruit and Kiwiberry

Fuzzy kiwifruit and kiwiberry are usually eaten fresh, or are mixed in desserts or salads. Storage of fuzzy kiwifruit is between 3 (A. chinensis) and 6 months (A. deliciosa); for fresh kiwiberries it is limited to 6 - 10 weeks. Italy, New Zealand, China and Chile are important producers of A. deliciosa and A. chinensis.

Effects of combined organic/inorganic fertilizer application on growth

Further experiments should be conducted, using drill fertilization or hole fertilization combining organic and inorganic nutrient sources to better assess the optimum rates of fertilization of ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit.

Soil fertility, leaf nutrients and their relationship in kiwifruit

Understanding soil fertility and leaf nutrients is the basis for optimizing fertilization, and it is very important for improving kiwifruit quantity and quality (Lai 2011; Lago et al. 2015; Zhao et al. 2017).

Impact of Organic Fertilization on Kiwifruit Productivity and Quality:A

The demand for high-quality kiwifruit has driven research into optimizing cultivation practices to enhance fruit yield and quality.Organic fertilization has emerged as a promising approach to meet these goals while maintaining environmental sustainability(Zhaoetal.,2017;Luetal.,2018).

Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis), also known as "kiwi," is a highly nutritious fruit. During its cultivation, foliar spraying of nutrient solutions is a critical practice to enhance fruit quality and improve the plant’s disease resistance. Below is a detailed guide on the best timing, methods, and precautions for foliar fertilization in kiwifruit.

I. Optimal Spraying Times

1. Early Growth Stage

Kiwifruit has a long growth cycle, requiring several years from planting to fruiting. During the early stages, such as the seedling period and bud differentiation stage, foliar fertilization is particularly crucial. These phases are vital for the plant’s development, and applying foliar fertilizers can effectively promote growth, laying a solid foundation for future fruiting.

2. Post-Flowering to Fruit Enlargement Stage

The period from flowering to fruit enlargement is critical for fruit development. Foliar spraying during this stage boosts fruit growth, improves quality, and increases yields. Additionally, it strengthens the plant’s disease resistance, reducing pest and disease risks.

3. Fruit Ripening Stage

During ripening, foliar fertilization can further enhance fruit quality and taste. Use nutrient solutions rich in potassium and calcium to promote sugar accumulation and improve flavor.

II. Selection and Application of Foliar Fertilizers

1. Choosing the Right Fertilizer

Select products containing essential macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and microelements. Ensure the fertilizer is hormone-free and free of heavy metals to safeguard plant health.

2. Application Methods

• Dilution Ratio: Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations, typically diluting the fertilizer about 500 times.
• Timing: Apply in the morning or evening when temperatures are cooler to avoid leaf scorching.
• Coverage: Spray uniformly on both sides of the leaves using a fine mist to ensure all foliage is covered.
• Safety: Wear masks and gloves to protect skin and eyes. Rinse immediately if irritation occurs.

III. Precautions

1. Avoid Overapplication

Excessive spraying can disrupt nutrient balance and cause fertilizer damage. Stick to recommended dosages strictly.

2. Monitor Plant Response

Observe the plant closely after application. If symptoms like yellowing or wilting appear, adjust the fertilization plan and consult experts promptly.

3. Integrate with Other Management Practices

Foliar fertilization should complement other practices, such as pruning, soil fertilization, and pest control, to achieve high-quality, efficient kiwifruit production.

the optimal times for kiwifruit foliar fertilization are during early growth, post-flowering to fruit enlargement, and ripening stages. Selecting appropriate fertilizers, following correct application methods, and prioritizing safety while monitoring plant health are key to improving growth and fruit quality. Combining these practices with comprehensive management ensures successful kiwifruit cultivation.