1、Impact of fertilizer and pesticide reductions on land use in China

Merely reducing fertilizer and pesticide inputs in crop cultivation may exacerbate the conflict between crop production and land resource conservation in China, which means the technology and efficiency of fertilizer and pesticide use needs to be improved.

2、Spatio

To be specific, the fertilizer application intensity in northern Shanxi was the lowest, followed by that in central Shanxi, while that in southern Shanxi was the highest, and it was in a time trend of steady growth year by year.

3、Evolution of Cultivated Land Quality and Its Impact on

The results show the following: (1) Northern Shanxi exhibited the greatest improvement in soil fertility, with organic matter increasing by 98.2%, total nitrogen by 57.2%, available phosphorus by 131.7%, and available potassium by 17.1%.

4、Global data on fertilizer use by crop and by country

Understanding how much inorganic fertilizer (referred to as fertilizer) is applied to different crops at national, regional and global levels is an essential component of fertilizer...

Impacts of chemical fertilizer reduction on grain yield: A case study

Substituting inorganic fertilizers with organic fertilizers is one of the main measures to reduce chemical fertilizer input. The application of organic fertilizer can significantly enhance the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients by crops [11, 12].

Will China's fertilizer use continue to decline? Evidence from LMDI

Our finding suggests that (1) The intensity effect was the most critical factor affecting the decline in fertilizer use in China. (2) The sowing scale and fertilization intensity of grain, vegetables and fruits had the most significant driving effect on fertilizer reduction.

Fertilizer Use in China: Types and Amounts

Pre-historical use of fertilizers in China was probably similar to that in many other countries. History’s earliest farmers experimented with various organic materials such as food waste, fish, ash, night soil, etc. as fertilizer and received small yield increases with these, as would be expected.

DISCOVER SHANXI Friday, December 22, 2026 CHINA DAILY Shanxi’s grain

The scientist said the most effective way to increase output and improve quality is the proper use of water and fertilizers. This can be calculat- ed according to the conditions of the farm, such as soil moisture and the level of nutrition in soil, as well as light and heat exposure.

Massive element water

The company was established in July 2011, with main products including calcium ammonium nitrate, compound fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer with a large amount of elements, liquid fertilizer, etc.

Evaluation on Fertilizer Application and Its Economic

【Method】 A 9-yr survey of 984 farmers was carried out, and a yield based fertilizer recommendation method were used to analyze and evaluate their nutrient applications and the fertilizer reduction potential and economic-environmental benefits in Loess Plateau.

Shanxi, a major agricultural production base in China, relies heavily on fertilizers to support its farming activities. The province's fertilizer usage mirrors national trends, encompassing a diverse range of products, including nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and compound fertilizers. Below is a detailed analysis of fertilizer consumption patterns in Shanxi:

I. Nitrogen Fertilizer Usage

1. Urea: As a primary nitrogen source, urea dominates usage in Shanxi. It is widely applied during spring planting to boost soil nitrogen levels for rapid crop growth. Its affordability, storage stability, and ease of transportation make it a preferred choice.
2. Ammonium Bicarbonate: This nitrogen fertilizer provides steady nutrient release, promoting balanced crop development. Its simplicity of application and minimal soil disruption contribute to its market share.
3. Ammonium Nitrate: Highly efficient but costly, ammonium nitrate sees limited use due to price constraints, though it remains viable for specific agricultural needs.
4. Ammonium Sulfate: Economical but less effective than other nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium sulfate is used sporadically in the region.
5. Amino Acid Fertilizers: Emerging alongside technological advancements, these fertilizers offer comprehensive nutrition. their adoption in Shanxi is still nascent and requires further promotion.

II. Phosphate Fertilizer Usage

1. Superphosphate: A staple phosphate fertilizer, superphosphate improves soil structure and water retention. Its moderate cost and practicality ensure steady demand.
2. Triple Superphosphate: More affordable than other phosphate options, this fertilizer suits small-scale farming but contains lower phosphorus content.
3. Calcium-Magnesium Phosphate: A composite fertilizer rich in phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium, it enhances soil health but faces limited use due to higher costs.
4. Diammonium Phosphate (DAP): Highly efficient but expensive, DAP is reserved for specialized applications despite its quick nutrient uptake.
5. Potassium Sulfate: Primarily a potassium source, it also boosts disease resistance and drought/frost tolerance. Its affordability and ease of use maintain market traction.

III. Potassium Fertilizer Usage

1. Potassium Nitrate: Fast-acting and potent, this fertilizer is hindered by high costs, restricting widespread adoption.
2. Potassium Chloride: A mainstream potassium source, it improves soil structure and is prized for its balance of efficacy and affordability.
3. Potassium Sulfate: Dual-purpose as both a potassium and sulfur source, it enhances crop resilience and enjoys robust demand.
4. Potassium Phosphate: A composite fertilizer providing phosphorus and potassium, its effectiveness is offset by elevated costs.
5. Wood Ash: A traditional, low-cost potassium source, wood ash remains popular in some areas despite limited efficacy and environmental concerns.

IV. Compound Fertilizer Usage

1. NPK Compound Fertilizer: Containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, NPK blends are versatile and widely used due to their balanced nutrition and affordability.
2. Binary Compound Fertilizer: Combining two nutrients (e.g., N+P or N+K), these economical options are common but may require supplementation for optimal results.
3. Organic Fertilizer: Derived from natural materials, organic fertilizers enrich soil microbially but face higher costs and weather-dependent effectiveness.
4. Microbial Fertilizer: Environmentally friendly and efficient, these fertilizers reduce synthetic chemical reliance but demand specific application conditions and higher investment.
5. Foliar Fertilizer: Applied directly to leaves for rapid absorption, foliar fertilizers offer precision but are constrained by climate sensitivity and cost.

V. Other Fertilizer Types

1. Slow/Controlled-Release Fertilizers: These enhance nutrient efficiency and reduce environmental impact but require advanced application techniques and higher upfront costs.
2. Liquid Fertilizer: Delivered via irrigation systems, liquids enable precise dosing but entail higher expenses and technical formulation challenges.
3. Micro/Nano-Fertilizer: Ultrafine particles improve absorption, yet their effectiveness and cost-efficiency require further research.
4. Seaweed Extract Fertilizer: Rich in minerals, seaweed fertilizers improve soil and crop quality but are costly and lack extensive validation.
5. Bio-Bacterial Fertilizer: Similar to microbial fertilizers, these rely on beneficial organisms to unlock nutrients but share challenges related to cost and environmental compatibility.

Shanxi’s fertilizer landscape is marked by diversity, with nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and compound fertilizers all playing critical roles. While synthetic options dominate, organic and microbial alternatives are gaining traction due to their environmental benefits. challenges persist, such as over-reliance on certain fertilizers causing soil degradation (e.g., excessive nitrogen leading to salinization, excess phosphorus causing acidification). To optimize outcomes, farmers must tailor fertilizer selection to crop needs, soil conditions, and sustainability goals.